Physics - Atomic clocks

Atomic clocks utilize the precise vibrations of atoms, such as cesium or rubidium, to measure time with extraordinary accuracy. They operate by locking a microwave oscillator to a specific atomic transition frequency, which remains remarkably stable. This makes atomic clocks essential for global positioning systems (GPS), international timekeeping, and scientific research, as they define the standard for the second in the International System of Units (SI). Their precision surpasses any mechanical clock, advancing our understanding of physics and enabling technological innovations.